KING ZIO Coffee Varieties

Popular Types of Coffee & Types of Coffee in Indonesia– Coffee is everyone's need. Not only among the elderly, many young people today also like to enjoy coffee. However, not everyone understands what coffee is, and what types of coffee are famous and Indonesian coffee.

Coffee is a plant from bushes that grows in tropical areas at an altitude of 700 to 1600 above sea level. This coffee plant can grow up to 9 meters high, but this coffee tree must be pruned short to save energy and be easy to harvest.

There are many types of coffee and each type has its own uniqueness. By knowing the types of coffee, of course when we drink one of them we will enjoy it even more because we know the character of the coffee we drink. The terms for this type of coffee can be grouped into species, varieties and also single origin.

This document discovers the history of coffee from its accidental discovery by a young goat herder in the Middle East, to its development to the present.  This essay also provides information about various ways to extract and enjoy coffee to obtain maximum coffee taste.

Basically coffee is divided into two, where there are types of coffee that are popular in the world which are often consumed by the general public, and there are also several types of coffee native to Indonesia.

Popular Types of Coffee

There are three types of coffee that are popular and commonly consumed by people. The following are popular types of coffee.

Arabica coffee

Arabica coffee was the first coffee discovered by Arabs in Ethiopia. Because the Arabs discovered and spread it throughout the world, this coffee is called Arabica coffee.

Arabica coffee is the most popular coffee in the world. Coffee traders in the world sell more Arabica coffee than other popular coffees. The price of this coffee is also quite expensive. This is because care and planting are not easy.

Arabica coffee has its own characteristics. The color of this coffee is not too thick when brewed. Then the taste comes from the acidity level of the coffee being higher than the caffeine level in it. Then this coffee is more fragrant and richer than other coffee.

Arabica coffee has other varieties that are also spread throughout the world. Here are the varieties:

• Typica, this coffee variety is the oldest found in Ethiopia. It could be said that the parent of Arabica coffee is Typica coffee. In fact, the first coffee brought by the Dutch to Indonesia was typica coffee.
• Bourbon, this coffee variety exists because of Arabica coffee brought by the French and planted on Bourbon Island, now this island is called La Reunion Island. Because this coffee adapted to the soil on Bourbon Island, it underwent a mutation and became the bourbon coffee variety

Robusta Coffee

Robusta coffee is a variety of Canephora coffee. Apart from Robusta, this Canephora variety is Nganda coffee. Because most Canephora coffee is a Robusta coffee variety, the name Robusta coffee is used generally for Canephora coffee.

Robusta coffee is strong against pests, so maintenance is easy. However, the quality and price are lower than Arabica coffee. Because this coffee is strong against pests, it is nicknamed Robusta, robust means strong.

Robusta was imported by the Dutch to Indonesia to replace Arabica coffee. At that time, Arabica coffee was attacked by leaf rust pests. Because there are many pests and Robusta coffee is very strong, Robusta coffee is ultimately planted in Indonesia. Therefore, Indonesia is the largest producer of Robusta coffee after Vietnam and Brazil. Robusta coffee in Indonesia accounts for around 80% of other coffee.

The character of Robusta coffee has a strong aroma and rough taste. The taste of Robusta coffee is also more bitter than other coffees. Therefore, this coffee is suitable for mixing with milk and chocolate when serving it. It can be mixed with milk and chocolate because the taste of this coffee will not be inferior to other flavors.

This Robusta coffee has a variety that is a cross between Arabica coffee. This cross produces plants that have the aroma of Arabica but are also as strong as Robusta. The following are Robusta and Arabica coffee varieties.

• Timor, this Timor coffee variety is taken from the name of the place where this coffee was developed, namely Timor Island. This coffee cross aims to take the flavor from Arabica and the durability from Robusta.
• Catimor, a coffee variety from a cross between Caturra and Timor. This cross variety aims to produce coffee with pest resistance like Timor and harvest speed like Caturra. Because Timor has a Robusta taste, Catimor has a bitter taste but a low acidity level.

Lberica Coffee

Maybe coffee lovers often hear about Arabica and Robusta coffee. However, there is another coffee that is also popular and is produced as a world commodity, namely Liberica coffee.

This Liberica coffee has a larger size than Arabica coffee and Robusta coffee. However, after the drying process is complete, the weight of the dry fruit in this coffee is only 10% of the wet fruit.

The weight loss of Liberica coffee is very unpopular with farmers because the cost of harvesting becomes more expensive. Because of this, the production of Liberica coffee is not as much as the production of Arabica and Robusta coffee. The level of production of Liberian coffee is only around 1% to 2% of world coffee.

Initially, Liberica coffee had the name Excelsa coffee, of which there was only one species. However, in 2006 Excelsa was declared a subspecies of Liberica and is known by the scientific name Coffea Liberica var. Dewwrei.

Types of Indonesian Coffee

Some people use the term single origin for coffee. Single origin is a term for coffee cultivated from a certain area. This term is used to recognize the character of coffee in each region. The following are types of coffee from single origin Indonesia.

1. Gayo Coffee

Gayo coffee is grown in Gayo land, Aceh. This coffee plantation is located in the hills around the city of Takengon and is near Lake Tawar. This area is known for producing coffee that has a rich taste because it is supported by fertile soil.

This Gayo coffee received Fair Trade Certified from the International Fair Trade Coffee organization in 2010. Before the name of this coffee became the name Gayo, there were several problems because the name had become a patent from a Dutch company, namely, Holland Coffee. However, hard efforts from the community to get the name certified so that the problem could be resolved, and the name Gayo was officially made one of single origin.

1. Java Preanger Coffee

Java Preanger coffee is also often referred to as Malabar coffee or Priangan coffee. This coffee was the first coffee imported by the Dutch to Indonesia. This coffee was initially planted in Jakarta, then over time it was cultivated in the area around Priangan, West Java.

1. Mandailing Coffee

This Mandailing coffee is grown on the land of Mandailing Natal Regency, Bukit Barisan mountains, North Sumatra. This coffee is a type of Arabica coffee. This coffee production has been going on since the 1800s, starting with the forced cultivation system of the Dutch East Indies government.

1. Bali Kintamani Coffee

Bali is also a coffee producing area that has worldwide appeal. The main coffee producing area in Bali is Kintamani, Bangli Regency. Bali Kintamani Coffee is also no less than other coffees.

Coffee farmers on Kintamani plantations use a traditional farming system called subak abian. Subak Abian adheres to the philosophy of Hinduism, namely Tri Hita Karana. This philosophy means that there is harmony in nature, so that the coffee made does not use agrochemicals and the resulting coffee is organic coffee.

1. Sidikalang Coffee

Sidikalang coffee is cultivated in the mountainous areas of Dairi Regency, North Sumatra. The name Sidikalang is taken from this area, the name Sidikalang is quite well known among single origin coffee lovers.

Sidikalang is also famous as a variety of Arabica coffee. The interesting thing is that Sidikalang coffee is a direct descendant of the typica variety cultivated in Indonesia, the result of coffee seeds first brought by the Dutch from the forced cultivation system.

1. Wamena Papuan Coffee

Papua Wamena coffee is cultivated around plantations along the Baliem valley. The valley is to the east of Mount Jayawijaya which surrounds the city of Wamena.

This coffee has a taste that is not inferior to other coffees. In fact, the level of addiction to this coffee is also low, so it doesn't cause stomach ache for people who are trying coffee for the first time. The aroma of this coffee is also characterized by the sensation of fragrant flowers.

1. Toraja Coffee

This coffee from Toraja land plantations is also no less than other single origins. This Toraja coffee is famous for its relatively high acidity level. Some people like coffee with a high acidity level like this.

The taste obtained from this coffee comes from post-harvest coffee. Farmers in Toraja use traditional farming systems to process their coffee harvest using a wet grinding process. This wet milling process is also known internationally as wet hulling or semi-wet.

1. Flores Bajawa Coffee

Flores Bajawa coffee is cultivated in Bajwa, Ngada Regency, East Nusa Tenggara. Bajawa coffee is a variety of Arabica coffee.

Flores soil which contains ash from volcanoes, namely andosol soil, is very good for cultivating organic coffee. Because it uses andosol soil, the taste of Bajawa coffee is very authentic and contains a natural aroma.